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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">D-module</span></h1>
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<p>En <a href="Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Mathématiques">mathématiques</a>, un <b><i>D</i>-module</b> est un module sur un <a href="Anneau_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Anneau (mathématiques)">anneau</a> <i>D</i> d'<a href="Op%C3%A9rateur_diff%C3%A9rentiel" title="Opérateur différentiel">opérateurs différentiels</a>. L'intérêt principal des <i>D</i>-modules réside en son utilisation dans l'étude d'<a href="%C3%89quations_aux_d%C3%A9riv%C3%A9es_partielles" class="mw-redirect" title="Équations aux dérivées partielles">équations aux dérivées partielles</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="D-modules_sur_des_variétés_algébriques"><span id="D-modules_sur_des_vari.C3.A9t.C3.A9s_alg.C3.A9briques"></span><i>D</i>-modules sur des variétés algébriques</h2></div>
<p>La théorie générale des <i>D</i>-modules nécessite une <a href="Vari%C3%A9t%C3%A9_alg%C3%A9brique" title="Variété algébrique">variété algébrique</a> lisse <i>X</i> définie sur un <a href="Corps_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Corps (mathématiques)">corps</a> <i>K</i> <a href="Corps_alg%C3%A9briquement_clos" title="Corps algébriquement clos">algébriquement clos</a> de caractéristique nulle, par exemple <i>K</i> = <b>C</b>. Le faisceau des opérateurs différentiels <i>D</i><sub><i>X</i></sub> est défini comme la <i>O</i><sub><i>X</i></sub>-algèbre engendrée par les <a href="Champ_de_vecteurs" title="Champ de vecteurs">champs de vecteurs</a> sur <i>X</i>, interprétés comme des dérivations. Un <i>D</i><sub><i>X</i></sub>-module (à gauche) <i>M</i> est un <i>O</i><sub><i>X</i></sub>-module avec une <a href="Action_de_groupe_(math%C3%A9matiques)" title="Action de groupe (mathématiques)">action de groupe</a> (à gauche) de <i>D</i><sub><i>X</i></sub>. Se donner une telle action est équivalent à avoir une application <i>K</i>-linéaire
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla :D_{X}\rightarrow End_{K}(M),v\mapsto \nabla _{v}}">
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∇<!-- ∇ --></mi>
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<mi>D</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla :D_{X}\rightarrow End_{K}(M),v\mapsto \nabla _{v}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dcff328dffb1134c239be4d1965c8d22b14ba21f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:30.109ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla :D_{X}\rightarrow End_{K}(M),v\mapsto \nabla _{v}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>satisfaisant&nbsp;:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla _{fv}(m)=f\nabla _{v}(m)}">
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<mi>f</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla _{fv}(m)=f\nabla _{v}(m)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a2502c4a1d1da651d79e36e9551c1af8752502bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:18.911ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla _{fv}(m)=f\nabla _{v}(m)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla _{v}(fm)=v(f)m+f\nabla _{v}(m)}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla _{v}(fm)=v(f)m+f\nabla _{v}(m)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0c3e81519ea2c2190d8511c43a58ac8ff3707e4b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.382ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla _{v}(fm)=v(f)m+f\nabla _{v}(m)}" loading="lazy"></span> (c'est la règle de <a href="Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Leibniz">Leibniz</a>)</dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla _{[v,w]}(m)=[\nabla _{v},\nabla _{w}](m)}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla _{[v,w]}(m)=[\nabla _{v},\nabla _{w}](m)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a06bb187657aa1ad15ccde4ae43b5f323ca374fc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:24.95ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla _{[v,w]}(m)=[\nabla _{v},\nabla _{w}](m)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Où <i>f</i> est une application régulière sur <i>X</i>, <i>v</i> et <i>w</i> sont des champs de vecteurs, <i>m</i> une section locale de <i>M</i> et où [−, −] désigne le commutateur.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Coutinho1995"><span class="ouvrage" id="S._C._Coutinho1995"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> S. C. Coutinho, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A Primer of Algebraic D-modules</cite>, <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&nbsp;«&nbsp;London Mathematical Society Student Texts&nbsp;» (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;33), <time>1995</time>, 220&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">978-0-521-55119-9</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=USWURpFFZxEC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Primer+of+Algebraic+D-modules&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Coutinho&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+C.&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.tpages=220&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-55119-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AD-module"></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="ouvrage" id="Borel1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="Armand_Borel1987"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="Armand_Borel" title="Armand Borel">Armand Borel</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Algebraic D-Modules</cite>, Boston, MA, <a href="Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&nbsp;«&nbsp;Perspectives in Mathematics&nbsp;» (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;2), <time>1987</time>, 355&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">978-0-12-117740-9</span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Algebraic+D-Modules&amp;rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&amp;rft.pub=Academic+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Borel&amp;rft.aufirst=Armand&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.tpages=355&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-12-117740-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AD-module"></span></span></span></li></ul>
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